Condition guide

Muscle strains and sprains: causes and treatment

A clinically reviewed guide to strains and sprains — the difference, and how they recover.

Medically reviewed by D.C Matt · Lead DirectorLast reviewed 1 July 2026

Quick answer
A strain affects a muscle or tendon, while a sprain affects a ligament. Both are common soft-tissue injuries that usually recover with early gentle movement, exercise and a graded return to activity.
Key facts
  • A strain = muscle/tendon; a sprain = ligament.
  • Early gentle movement usually beats prolonged rest.
  • Most recover well with a graded return to activity.
On this page

What is the difference between a strain and a sprain?

A strain is an injury to a muscle or tendon, while a sprain is an injury to a ligament — both are soft-tissue injuries.

Strains often happen when a muscle is overstretched or overloaded; sprains happen when a joint is forced beyond its normal range, stretching or tearing a ligament.

What are the symptoms?

Both typically cause pain, swelling, bruising and reduced movement, ranging from mild to severe.

  • Pain, often immediate with acute injuries
  • Swelling and sometimes bruising
  • Reduced movement or strength
  • A feeling of weakness in the injured area

How are strains and sprains treated?

Most strains and sprains are treated with early protected movement, progressive exercise, and a graded return to activity.

Gentle early movement, once serious injury is excluded, generally supports recovery better than prolonged rest. Rehabilitation restores strength and reduces recurrence.

The Postura approach

At Postura Wellness, care for strains and sprains is built around OrthoRestore™ — our signature method that combines chiropractic and physiotherapy into one coordinated plan. Depending on your assessment, it can bring together chiropractic adjustments, dry needling, muscle manipulation, Active Release Technique, and targeted exercises, supported where helpful by technology such as shockwave therapy and bioelectric therapy. The aim is to relieve symptoms while addressing the underlying causes, with a plan tailored to you.

When to seek assessment

Inability to use or bear weight on the injured part, obvious deformity, severe swelling, or a popping sensation at the time of injury should be assessed.
Key facts

Sciatica FAQs

How long do strains and sprains take to heal?

Mild injuries often settle within one to two weeks, while more significant ones take longer. Rehabilitation supports full recovery.

Should I rest a strain or sprain?

Brief relative rest early on can help, but gentle movement and guided exercise usually aid recovery more than prolonged rest.

What is RICE, and is it still recommended?

Rest, ice, compression and elevation can help in the first days, but current thinking also emphasises early, gradual movement and loading.

Can physiotherapy help strains and sprains?

Yes. Progressive exercise and a graded return to activity are central to recovery and reducing recurrence.

Sources

This guide is informed by patient information from accredited medical institutions:

  1. Cleveland Clinic — muscle strains
  2. Cleveland Clinic — sprains
  3. AAOS OrthoInfo
  4. Merck Manual
  5. NIAMS (NIH)
  6. MedlinePlus (NIH)

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Strain or sprain

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This page is for general information and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always consult a qualified clinician about your individual condition.